Nesland Fault Rocks 1
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This dataset contains the Electron Microprobe Analyzer (EMPA), electron backscatter 
diffraction (EBSD), and Laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry 
(LA-ICP-MS) data of a fault rock from an anorthosite sampled from Nesland, Lofoten, 
Norway. There are a total of 37 files and the folder size is 823 MB.

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GPS location: 68.008398¡ N/ 13.305120¡ E
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EMPA data
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The following is an excerpt from Michalchuk et al., 202X in prep. describing the EMPA
instruments used. See the main and supplementary text of the peer-reviewed article for the 
locations of each EMPA map and spot.

"Quantitative compositional mapping was performed at the Institute of Geological 
Sciences, University of Bern. Major element compositions were spot-analysed first 
followed by the acquisition of an X-ray map using a JEOL JXA-8200 electron microprobe 
analyser (EMPA) instrument. Analytical conditions for spot analyses were 15 KeV 
accelerating voltage, 10 nA specimen current, and 40 s dwell times including 2 ?10 s of 
background measurement. X-ray intensity maps were acquired using an accelerating 
voltage of 15 kV, 40 nA accelerating voltage, 400 ms dwell time, and a step size of 1 ?m. 
Nine elements (Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Na, Ca, K, and Ba) were measured at the specific 
wavelength in two passes. X-ray maps were classified and standardized using XMapTools 
51. Compositional mapping followed the procedure of Lanari, et al. 52 whereby X-ray 
intensity maps were standardised using spot analyzes as internal standards within 
XMapTools 4.3 build version 240114 53. The maps of the garnet end-member molar 
fractions are as followed: Xalm for almandine defined as molar Fe/(Fe + Mg + Ca + Mn); 
Xsps for spessartine as Mn/(Fe + Mg + Ca + Mn); Xprp for pyrope as Mg/(Fe + Mg + Ca + Mn); 
and Xgrs for grossular as Ca/(Fe + Mg + Ca + Mn).

Clinopyroxene-Garnet Fe-Mg geothermometry used the Krogh 30 calibration because 
grossular content is <0.5 in the current study. Quantitative point analyses of the fine 
grained dendritic clinopyroxene in the pseudotachylyte matrix touching garnet, cauliflower 
and corona garnet cores and rims, and clinopyroxene inclusions in the cores of garnet were 
acquired using the Cameca SX100 EMPA at the Department of Geosciences, University of 
Oslo. The operating conditions were an acceleration voltage of 15 kV, a beam current of 15 
nA, and a 1 ?m beam diameter. The measurement times on both peaks and backgrounds 
for all elements was 10 s, except Ca, which was 20 s for both peaks and backgrounds. Nine 
elements (Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Na, Ca, K, and Cr) were measured at the specific wavelength 
in two passes. Garnet, pyroxene, and plagioclase compositions are plotted using MinPlot54 
and are shown in the Extended Data Fig. X."

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EBSD
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The following is an excerpt from Michalchuk et al., 202X in prep. describing the EBSD 
instrument used. 

"The thin section L-008 was cut perpendicular to the pseudotachylyte vein boundary and 
Syton¨ polished. It was analysed using polarized light microscopy and scanning electron 
microscopy (SEM). Backscattered electron (BSE) images were collected on a Hitachi 
SU5000 field emission SEM at the Goldschmidt Laboratory within the Department of 
Geosciences, University of Oslo, using an acceleration voltage of 15 kV and a working 
distance of 11Ð12 mm. Phase identification and crystallography were obtained using the 
same instrument for energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis and for electron 
backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis using the Bruker e-Flash detector, respectively. 
Operating conditions for EBSD were 20 kV acceleration voltage, a working distance of 22 
mm, 70¼ sample tilt, a step size of 0.5 ?m, and 30 ms exposure time. Indexing of EBSD 
patterns was performed using the Esprit software (v.2.3; Bruker) and EBSD data was post-
processed and visualized using the MTEX toolbox v. 5.10.2 48,49. Colour maps are from 
Crameri 50. Additional BSE mosaic maps were acquired with a Hitachi TM4000 Plus 
Tabletop scanning electron microscope at the Goldschmidt Laboratory within the 
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, using an acceleration voltage of 15 kV and 
a working distance of 11Ð12 mm."

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LA-ICP-MS
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The following is an excerpt from Michalchuk et al., 202X in prep. describing the LA-ICP-MS 
instrument used. 

ÒLaser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) mapping
 was performed at the Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern using an ASI 
Resonetics RESOlution-SE 193 nm excimer laser system with the S155 dual volume 
sample cell coupled to an Agilent 7900 quadrupole mass spectrometer, respectively. 
Operating conditions followed Markmann, et al. 55. LA-ICP-MS maps employed a variable 
composition calibration using CaO over a constant composition of SiO, because it allows 
an increased accuracy and SiO can have background interferences in the measurements. 
Standardisation of our garnets used a polynomial or spline function against the GSD-1G 
and NIST612 secondary standards. Pixels representing measurements below the limits of 
instrument detection (LOD; Table 1) have been removed from LA-ICP-MS maps.Ó